What sorts of salary negotiation techniques are taught to managers and bosses to screw their employees?

I have been in a few salary negotiation meetings (when you have already been in a job for some time) and it always seems to follow the same pattern - the manager/boss gives you a few compliments and then conveniently criticizes you and basically makes you feel you don't deserve a payrise; at the same time giving you some hope for the future. When you leave the room you are not any better off when you went in. I was curious what sly techniques are taught in these management classes that makes these managers an expert at wordplay?